The Amazon tribe girl illustrated in this picture has female body painting on her face.  The red color comes from a native tree (Bixa orellana) and is called "achiote"  or "urucum."  Female  body painting is one of the oldest art forms and is still practiced by many Amazon tribe girls and women.   Reasons for tribe girls to paint themselves vary from frightening enemies and evil spirits, to celebrations, to making magic, to disguise themselves, and of course to beautify themselves.   Nudity is not a taboo for Amazon tribe girls as it is for most westerners, hence the prevalence of female body painting among Amazonian tribes.